Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a research and development agency in United States governed by Department of Defense (DOD) that is responsible for the development of emerging and breakthrough technologies for US military. ARPA was established in 1957. DARPA programs focus on the fundamental research required to establish proof of concept.
Author: kingsanit
Network Information Center (NIC)
Network Information Center (NIC) also known as InterNIC was the organization that was responsible for Domain Name System (DNS) domain name allocations and X.500 directory services. From 1998, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) took it the responsibility for managing DNS.
Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)
Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol that is used in IP network to assign IP addressed to nodes connected to the network automatically. DHCP is described in RFC 2131. In 1980s, there was Diskless Workstations which did not have disk with basic memory that used network booting. Since it has very…
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) is Networking Protocol that is used to assign dynamic IP address to workstations. BOOTP replaced RARP which has limitations of sending additional network configuration data apart from IP address and couldn’t operate across subnets as it’s OSI Layer 2 based protocol. BOOTP operates at L4 of OSI Layer and uses UDP to…
Diskless Workstation
A diskless workstation is a workstation without disk drives that leverages network booting to load its operating system from a central server. It has a minimal memory for basic functions of a computing node. Diskless workstation has lower production and operational cost with less overhead.
CAM (Content Addressable Memory) Table
The switch has a CAM (Content Addressable Memory) table which has mapping of the ports and MAC addresses of the computing node that is connected to each port. The switch learns the MAC address of the nodes initially when it is sending data on the port. The first frame from each node is always broadcasted…
MAC (Medium Access Control) Address
MAC (Medium Access Control) Address is unique identifier hardware address assigned to Network Interface Card (NIC) of any computing node. All computing nodes need a layer 2 hardware address for transmitting data which happens at Data Link Layer (Layer 2) and Physical Layer (Layer 1) of the OSI layer. When transmitting data on the LAN,…
IEEE 802
IEEE 802 is a networking standard developed and maintained by LAN/MAN Standards Committee (LMSC) for Local Area Network (LAN), Personal Area Network (PAN) and Metropolitan Area Network (MAN). IEEE 802 recommends best practices using an open and accredited process for Wired LAN, Wireless LAN, Wireless PAN, Wireless MAN.
Sniffing
Sniffing is the act of monitoring and capturing the network traffic. An attacker sniffs the network traffic by inserting a software or hardware into the network between the sender and receiver. Sniffing is also referred as Network Sniffing which is a type of Eavesdropping. Types of Sniffing Passive Sniffing is where the attacker passively listens…
Eavesdropping
Eavesdropping is the act of intercepting the conversation between two systems. A hacker intercepts the session between two machines. After interception, the attacker can gain access to data or modify the data or delete the data. The interception can be simple as like over hearing two people talking or sophisticated like intercepting an application session…